1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法,

　　适用于有争议性的主题.

　　例如(e.g)

　　[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

　　[2]. When it comes to .... , some people bielive that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguements/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

　　[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

　　1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 .

　　e.g

　　[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern.

　　[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention)

　　[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　----- To be continued !!

　　1-3 观点法 ----开门见山,直接了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. benn more visible/popular than...

　　[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginnig/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognation ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......

　　[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......

　　1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon.This remark has been shared by more and more people .

　　"Education is not complete with gradulation." Such is the opnion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opnion.

　　[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this .

　　In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".

　　1-5 比较法 ------ 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .

　　[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new.

　　1-6 故事法 ---- 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenemenon of ... has aroused public concern.

　　[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.

　　[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.

　　1-8 问题法 ----- 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题.

　　e.g:

　　Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...

　　But in my opinion , ...... .

　　Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型

　　原因结果分析

　　3-1-1. 基本原因 --- 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Why ... ? For one thing.. For another ...

　　[2]. The answer to this problem invovles many factors. For one thing... For another...... Still another ...

　　[3]. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect .... /both individual and social contribute to ....

　　3-1-2 另一原因 --------> 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Another important factor is ....

　　[2]. ... is also responsible for the change/problem.

　　[3]. Certainly , the ... is not the sole reason for .....

　　3-1-3 后果影响 --------- 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 .

　　e.g:

　　[1]. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on....

　　[2]. In involves some serious consequence for ........

　　比较对照句型

　　3-2-1. 两者比较 ---> 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 !

　　e.g:

　　[1]. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B.

　　[2]. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B.

　　[3]. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects.

　　3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 ------> 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that.....

　　[2]. A bears some sriking resemblance(s) to B.

　　Chapter Three 文章结尾形式

　　2-1 结论性--------- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .

　　e.g:

　　[1]. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that .....

　　[2]. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable .......

　　2-2 后果性------ 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of ... , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of .......

　　[2]. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that .. will be put in danger.

　　2-3 号召性 -------- 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. It is time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendcy of ......

　　[2]. It is essential thar effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency.

　　2-4 建议性 -------- 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is .... Another method is ... Still another one is .....

　　[2]. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation.

　　2-5 方向性的结尾方式 ---- 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way .

　　[2]. There is no quick method to the issue of .., but .. might be helpful/benefical.

　　[3]. The great challenge today is ...... There is much difficulty , but ........

　　2--6 意义性的结尾方式 --------> 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but the pay off might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit .....

　　[2]. In any case, whether it is posotive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly ..